411 номер телефона сша

On the Sci-Fi/Fantasy site, a user asked what «What’s the meaning of ‘411 on the late-night drop box’?,» a line from Captain Marvel, which was set in 1995.

Another user answered that it meant «how to use the video return slot» (correctly, IMO), but made an off-hand comment that «the 411» was considered Black slang. They certainly seem to be correct that it originated from Black culture, namely Aretha Franklin’s 1982 song Jump to It.

However, many commenters remarked they didn’t think it was specifically associated with Black American English, a sentiment I would have shared. Even Urban Dictionary, a site which … doesn’t really shy away from slapping racial labels on things doesn’t mention anything about being associated with Black Americans.

Neither does our question/answer on it, in fact the top/accepted answer links it to Valley Girl subcultures, which, while very ’90s, is definitely not Black.

So, the question is, would «the 411» have been marked as Black slang in the ’90s? Or even in ’82?

On the Sci-Fi/Fantasy site, a user asked what «What’s the meaning of ‘411 on the late-night drop box’?,» a line from Captain Marvel, which was set in 1995.

Another user answered that it meant «how to use the video return slot» (correctly, IMO), but made an off-hand comment that «the 411» was considered Black slang. They certainly seem to be correct that it originated from Black culture, namely Aretha Franklin’s 1982 song Jump to It.

However, many commenters remarked they didn’t think it was specifically associated with Black American English, a sentiment I would have shared. Even Urban Dictionary, a site which … doesn’t really shy away from slapping racial labels on things doesn’t mention anything about being associated with Black Americans.

Neither does our question/answer on it, in fact the top/accepted answer links it to Valley Girl subcultures, which, while very ’90s, is definitely not Black.

So, the question is, would «the 411» have been marked as Black slang in the ’90s? Or even in ’82?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the telephone directory number. For other uses, see 411 (disambiguation).

4-1-1 is a telephone number for local directory assistance in Canada and the United States. Until the early 1980s, 4-1-1 and the related 1-1-3 number were free to call in most states.

In the United States, the service is commonly known as “information” although it official name is “directory assistance”. As a result, 4-1-1 is commonly used in Canada and the United States as a slang word for «information». In the 1982 song «Jump to It» by American singer Aretha Franklin, for example, the lyric is «We have a lot of fun, don’t we, girl, dishin’ out
The dirt on everybody and givin’ each other the 411».^[1]

History[edit]

The 4-1-1 number has been used since at least 1930^[2] in New York City,^[3] San Francisco,^[4] and other large cities where panel and crossbar switching equipment installed by the Bell System was prevalent. However, in smaller Bell System cities as well as almost all areas served by GTE and other companies where step-by-step equipment was the norm such as Los Angeles,^[5] 1-1-3 was used until at least the 1960s, and in some cases (the Pacific Northwest, for example) until the mid-1980s.

In Canada and the United States, directory assistance was historically a local function, and most companies updated listings at their directory assistance centers frequently, sometimes daily. When long-distance numbers were needed, prior to the full introduction of direct-dialed long-distance service, callers would call either 4-1-1 or «0» (Operator) and request a free long-distance connection to the directory assistance center in the distant city.

In 1962, direct-dialed long-distance directory assistance became available. The number in cities with panel and crossbar switching equipment was area code-555-1212, whereas in cities with step-by-step equipment the number was 1-555-1212 (or 112-555-1212) for numbers not local but in the same area code and 1-area code-555-1212 (or 112-area code-555-1212) for numbers in other area codes. In some area codes, the directory assistance center was able to serve the entire area code, but in many, the operator in the principal city of the area code dialed would connect the caller onward to a more local directory assistance center for the most up-to-date information.

After the introduction of local exchange competition, most telephone companies outsourced directory assistance service to nationwide call centers. This has blurred the distinction between 4-1-1 and 555-1212. For regulatory reasons, where telephone service is provided by traditional local-exchange carriers, the local carrier will determine how to handle 411, the chosen local toll (intra-LATA) carrier will determine how to handle 555-1212 calls for area codes within the LATA, and the chosen long-distance carrier for inter-LATA) calls will determine how to handle other area code-555-1212 calls. For service provided by cellular and VoIP carriers where the customer does not have a choice of local toll or long-distance carriers, all calls may be handled the same way.

In North America, all areas formerly using 1-1-3 have been converted to using 4-1-1, and 1-1- is now reserved for vertical service codes. Outside North America, «1-1-N» numbers are still in use, for these and other services. In most European countries, «1-1-N» numbers are related to emergency services and 112 is the emergency telephone number for countries in the European Union as well as some other European countries.

The relationship between 4-1-1, 1-1-3, and long-distance dialing[edit]

Direct-distance dialing (DDD) was first introduced in areas with common-control switching (panel and crossbar) in the 1950s. These areas had used 4-1-1 for directory assistance, and because of the ability of common-control switching to analyze the initial digits of a number in a «sender» before routing the call, these areas did not require the dialing of an initial «1» to initiate a long-distance call. There was no ambiguity, because the initial assignment of area codes always used either a «0» or a «1» as the second digit, and the second digit of local numbers was never a «0» or a «1» because of the use of two-letter plus 5-digit local numbering, with the letters only on digits 2-9 of the dial.

Areas with step-by-step equipment processed the call one digit at a time as dialed by the caller, and thus needed a common prefix to distinguish long-distance dialing from local calls. The Bell System design choice was «1», but since «1-1-3» was in use for directory assistance, along with other «1-1-» codes («Repair» was 1-1-4).,^[6] changes had to be made in the step-by-step areas. Initially, «1-1-2» was used temporarily as the prefix in most of these areas. To simplify long-distance calling, it was desirable to change this to a «1». Some areas converted immediately to 4-1-1 for directory assistance and 6-1-1 for repair. Other areas retained 1-1-3 by installing what were known as «double-header» trunks, which actually connected the call to the long-distance equipment and then «snatched it back» if the second digit was also a «1».

The conversion proceeded as follows in Springfield, Massachusetts:

Directory assistance data[edit]

The services of directory assistance queries is often outsourced to a call centre who specializes in that function. Historically, when a single carrier provided most of the telephone services for a region, the data used to satisfy the search could exclusively come for that carrier’s subscriber rolls. Today, when the market is fragmented amongst many carriers, the data must be aggregated by a data aggregator specializing in directory listings, such as LSSi. The data aggregator distributes the data to the 4-1-1 services either on a «live» basis, actually servicing each query, or by periodically transferring large swaths of listings to the call center’s systems for local searching.

The data aggregator collects the data from the rolls of many telecommunication carriers. Some carriers such as Vonage do not send their customer rolls to the aggregator. Their customers can get their listings in the directory assistance database using a free service such as ListYourself.net.

Landline telephone directory assistance[edit]

4-1-1 landline service has been historically provided by local telephone companies, including those of the former Bell System or subsequent Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs). Telephone carriers since that time may provide the 4-1-1 calls to the customer free of charge and [use ad supported or a customer retention model][meaning unknown]^{[10][better source needed]}

Since the 1984 Bell System divestiture, the RBOCs in the United States have priced 4-1-1 use higher to an average of US$1.25 per call, compared to $0.50 CAD in most of Canada,^{[citation needed]} providing opportunities for competing services in the United States, such as ad-sponsored 1-800-FREE-411.

Wireless telephone directory listings[edit]

In addition to the local and long-distance directory services, there is also a «Wireless 411 Service». As specified by the industry, the service will give wireless subscribers the choice of including their wireless phone numbers in directory assistance services.

Consumers can opt in to listing their name and cellphone number with directory assistance services, such as 411. The information is currently not published in print or online directories. Additionally, the information is not added to, or otherwise shared with, marketing lists or telemarketing firms.

The service will allow any landline or wireless phone user to call 4-1-1 and be connected to the wireless listing of a subscriber who has chosen to participate in the service. Carriers who make up the industry LLC creating the service include Alltel (now absorbed by Verizon Wireless), AT&T, T-Mobile, and Sprint Nextel (now absorbed by T-Mobile).

Withdrawal of 4-1-1 services[edit]

In the United States cellular market, AT&T announced its withdrawal of 4-1-1 service for its wireless phone customers, effective November 1, 2022. AT&T also announced it will discontinue landline 4-1-1 services in 21 states starting January 1, 2023. ^[11][12]

See also[edit]

• 9-1-1
• 800-The-Info
• Bing 411
• GOOG-411
• Speech recognition
• Tellme Networks
• N11 Code

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• 2006 survey from Tellme Networks, Inc. about 411 usage
• The Kelsey Group report on wireless voice search (10/2006)

Стоит начать с главного: выбор данного номера — это не вопрос предпочтения. В США есть много номеров похожего вида. Например:

• 211 — социальные справочные службы (зарезервировано для этих целей с 2000г.);
• 311 — неэкстренные муниципальные службы в США и Канаде;
• 411 — Directory Assistant в США и Канаде. Что-то вроде справочной 09 в СССР.

Резервирование таких номеров для определённых нужд на федеральном уровне — это дело стандартов, национальных регуляторов и законодательства. Когда в 1967 Федеральная Комиссия по Связи совместно с телефонной компанией AT&T выбирали номер для вызова экстренных служб, они хотели следовать сложившейся традиции и сделать номер легко запоминаемым. Видимо, логика была такая: раз это самые крайние экстренные службы, то можно взять последний номер из уже известного ряда: 211, 311, 411… 911.

Получается, что этот номер появился благодаря FCC и AT&T, которые зарезервировали этот номер для экстренной службы, объявив его федеральным. В мире он известен в основном благодаря американским фильмам.

В других странах традиция выделения номера для экстренных служб другая, но логика похожая. Иногда выбирают самый первый из трёхзначных номеров. (000 — Фиджи); чаще последний из них (999 — Антигуа и Барбуда, Бахрейн, Ботсвана, Доминикана, Оман, Польша); Еще чаще предпочитают номера 100 и 199. И т.д. Вне конкуренции номер 112, потому что согласно спецификации ETSI TS 122 101

…Emergency number identification takes place before and takes precedence over any other (e.g. supplementary service related) number analysis.
a) 112 and 911 shall always be available. These numbers shall be stored on the ME

b) Any emergency call number stored on a SIM/USIM when the SIM/USIM is present.

c) 000, 08, 110, 999, 118 and 119 when a SIM/USIM is not present. These numbers shall be stored on the ME.

d) Additional emergency call numbers that may have been downloaded by the serving network when the SIM/USIM is present

То есть нативным образом сеть связи и сам абонетский терминал (ME) обязаны поддерживать вызовы на номера 112 и 911 как экстренные. А другие номера должны записываться в терминал, или на SIM-карту, или догружаться дополнительно, чтобы получить статус экстренных. В США так и остался 911, а в других странах проще использовать 112 ничего не настраивая дополнительно у оператора связи. Т.е. стандарт предполагает приспособление мобильной сети к национальным правилам.

В отличие от фиксированных телефонных сетей, в мобильных сетях экстренные вызовы обрабатываются особым образом, не так как обычные вызовы.

The term “411” is an Internet slang used in chat as a way to talk about communicating information.

Also, What does 42 mean in radio talk?

CB Radio Code and Lingo at CB World

Accordingly, What does 411 mean biblically?

Angel Number 411 Biblical Meaning

The number 411 in biblical symbolism represents truthfulness, originality, and faithfulness. It is a representation of your guardian angels, who are guiding you down the right path at the right time.

in the same way What does 101 mean in slang?

101 means “Basic Introduction (as in English 101)” or “Laugh Out Loud.”

Why is it 411?

“Directory assistance” came to be known as “Information,” and by the early 1980s, 411 (usually pronounced “four-one-one”) was being used as a slang term for just that—information—and usually in the phrase “give me the 411 (on).”

What’s your 10 20 mean?

10-20. Denotes location, as in identifying one’s location (“My 20 is on Main Street and First”), asking the receiver what their current location or immediate destination is (“What’s your 20?”), or inquiring about the location of a third person (“Ok, people, I need a 20 on Little Timmy and fast”).

What’s the meaning of 10 4?

Roger that! 10-4 is a way of saying “message received” in radio communications. It’s also used as a way to “you got it.”

What is a 10 7 police code?

Police 10 Codes

How do you know your soul number?

The soul number reflects your most inner thoughts, habits, thoughts, and baseline reactions. This shows what you truly desire, and what you value most in this life. It’s reflective of your inner spirit and can’t be altered no matter what. To calculate your soul number, list out your full name, and extract the vowels.

Why do I keep seeing 611?

When Angel Number 611 keeps showing up in your life, it means the Angels are sending you a powerful message that your soul takes into account and makes changes in your life. … So 611 is an Angel Number that indicates you need to reinvent yourself. Your Angels want to see the best version of you.

What is 333 Angel number?

Seeing 333 repeatedly may be a sign that a looming decision needs your attention. It’s a signal that your path ahead is clear for moving forward. The 333 angel number indicates that despite your fears, anxieties, mislaid plans, or wrong turns, you’re on the right path. The universe is urging you to keep going.

What does 101 mean in binary?

101 in binary is 1100101. Unlike the decimal number system where we use the digits 0 to 9 to represent a number, in a binary system, we use only 2 digits that are 0 and 1 (bits).

Why do you say 101?

101 (pronounced “one-oh-one”) is a topic for beginners in any area. … In American university course numbering systems, the number 101 is often used for an introductory course at a beginner’s level in a department’s subject area. This common numbering system was designed to make transfer between colleges easier.

What does 104 stand for?

Roger that! 10-4 is a way of saying “message received” in radio communications. It’s also used as a way to “you got it.”

Is 411 still available?

Wireless telephone directory

Consumers can opt in to listing their name and cellphone number with directory assistance services, such as 411. The information is currently not published in print or online directories.

What happens if you call 411?

411 Search is directory assistance with automatic call completion. An operator will assist you when you request: Phone numbers. Addresses.

What is the number 611 used for?

The number 611 is reserved in the U.S. and Canada for an immediate connection with a wireless service provider. The call is free, the number is easy to remember and it is a convenient way to check on a bill or inquire about other wireless services provided by a telephone carrier.

Is Son of a gun a bad word?

A ‘son of a gun’ is a rogue or scamp – “you are naughty, you old son of a gun”. The phrase is also used, although this is uncommon outside the USA, as a euphemism for ‘son of a bitch’.

What’s a 10 10 in police code?

10-10 Off duty. 10-10A Off duty at home.

What does Tango Yankee stand for?

“Tango Yankee” are two code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet that mean thank you. The flag proudly displays the five military emblems, Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard.

What is a 10 13 in police code?

For example, in the NYPD system, Code 10-13 means “Officer needs help,” whereas in the APCO system “Officer needs help” is Code 10–33.

What is a 10 42 police code?

This particular code is used to indicate an officer’s end of tour. While 10-42 is most frequently used when an officer has completed his tour of service for the day, it is also used in conjunction with funeral proceedings when an officer has been killed in the line of duty.

What does a 10 5 mean?

10-5 = Relay this information to (name of a person, officer, etc.) … The ceremony is typically conducted by the dispatcher issuing one last call to the officer, followed by a moment of silence.

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